Students understand and can evaluate theories of how students learn number and develop number sense, common difficulties in the learning of number, historical trends in the teaching of number, and current instructional, curricular, and policy recommendations of leaders in mathematics education regrading the teaching of number in the public schools.

Students can apply principles of quality research to analyze and critique research on the teaching and learning of number, and understand the affordances and constraints of research paradigms and methodologies in this body of research.

Students understand core representations and models, meanings for operations, justifications for and limitations of standard algorithms, alternative algorithms, and connections to real world settings germane to teaching number in the public schools.

Students understand how to analyze topics related to number in the context of the literature on students thinking about number and meaningfully apply research on the teaching and learning of number in their instruction.

Students recognize the key role that number plays in the learning of school mathematics and the valuable insights provided by the literature on the teaching and learning of number, and feel a desire to continually seek opportunities to improve their own teaching of number, keep abreast of advances and developments in the field regarding the teaching and learning of number, and promote better instruction on number in schools.

Students strive to follow the example of Jesus Christ in both their personal and professional lives, seek consistency between their understanding of the restored gospel of Jesus Christ and the principles of mathematics teaching and learning studied in this course, and use this enriched understanding of teaching and learning to nurture the divine potential of all in their spheres of influence.